Common Man Tragedy in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman Essay

The idea of dramatic tragedy is a classical one, discussed in Aristotles Poetics. Before it can be established as to whether Miller re eachy has written a tragedy or not, the very concept of tragedy must be investigated. Aristotle asserted, Tragedy is a representation, an imitation, of an action.1? He went on to adumbrate the common features tragic drama must have. Tragedy has six elements, which, in order of importance, are plot, character, thought, music, language, and spectacle. The plot requires peripeteia, anagnorisis, and cathartic effect. It must take place in one day, in one setting, with a unity of plot (i.e. all tragic, no comic subplot). The character must be ?good? (there is some tilt as to the vague nature of this word), be true to type, be consistent in behaviour, be a great man (that is, to be representative of a only society), and have one single tragic flaw. Thought is exactly that the ideas that the speakers express in language. Music is also self-explanato ry. As for language and spectacle, the development of these is the perpetual brain of drama to struggle closer and closer to real life. Willy Lomans character does adhere to the tragic hero guidelines to a certain extent. Rather than being a man who is a representative of a society, he represents society. His allegorical name of Loman or Low-man allowed Miller to twist the formula somewhat. He is true to type in that he dreams the American Dream, and subscribes to the desire for money and material possessions in capitalist society. Whether Willy is a good man is debatable his affair would indicate that he is not, his wife dotes on him, and laggard is crushed by the discovery of the mistress, so much so that he loses all faith in his fa... ...illy is a victim of the society in which he lives, or a victim of his own poor judgement. ?Willy is not simply a victim of that success-mongering culture. Miller wishes us to see that Willy accepts the success value all too easily and com pletely. The play suggests that, along with our pity for Willy, we take a critical attitude.8? BibliographyBROWN, J. R. and HARRIS, B. (1974) American Theatre ARNOLDDOWNER, A. S. (1975) American Drama and Its Critics CHICAGOKERNAN, A. B. (1967) The in advance(p) American Theater SPECTRUMKRUTCH, J. W. (1967) American Drama since 1918 BRAZILLERLUCAS, F. L. (1972) Tragedy ? Serious drama in relation to Aristotle?s Poetics CHATTO & WINDUSPORTER, T. E. (1969) Myth and Modern American Drama WAYNESCANLAN, T. (1978) Family, Drama, and American Dreams GREENWOODWILLIAMS, R. (1969) Modern Tragedy CHATTO & WINDUS

The Philippine Party-List System: Absence of a Clear Seat Allocation Fo

The Party-List System of proportional representation is a relatively new addition to Philippine politics and specifically in the electoral trunk of the country. It was only introduced in 1987, by then, the new constitution and formalized by R.A. 7941 (The Party-list System Act) in 1995, to open the legislature to marginalized and underrepresented sectors or groups without a well-defined political constituencies but who could contribute to policy formulation beneficial to the nation. (R.A. 7941 1995, Sec. 2) Since then there had been various problems in implementing the statutory law and the principles of the constitutional provision on the party-list system. Rodriguez and Velasco (1998, 36-48) and Tangkia and Habaradas (2001) enumerated well-nigh of them low voter turnout, COMELEC inefficiency in public information dissemination, and confusing instructions in explaining a new ballot structure. However, one of its longest standing issues is the arse allocation since R.A. 7941 does not provide a clear formula for translating votes into seats. (Rodriguez 2002, 25 and Rodriguez and Velasco 1998, 39) An allocation formula is one of the basic and most fundamental requisites of a party-list system. in so far ironically, the authors of the governing law seemed to have forgotten to include a clear allocation formula even though it was tackled during the deliberations of R.A. 7941s origin bills. The effects of its absence seizure were most evident during the 1998 and 2007 elections. In 1998, 14 party-list seats were already filled with finality using the 2-4-6 COMELEC formula. The said formula apportioned a seat for all 2% a party garnered in the party-list votes. For example, APEC was given two seats with its 5.5% but ABA (second... .... 2007. The Party-List System in the Philippines Proportional Representation and Seat Allocation Errors. interchange Paper. QC Center for People Empowerment in Governance/University of the Philippines.Republic Act 7941 . 1995. The Party-list System Act.Rodriguez, Agustin Martin G. and Djorina Velasco. 1998. Democracy Rising? The Trials and Triumphs of the 1998 Party-List Elections. QC Institute of Politics and Governance and Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.Rodriguez, Agustin Martin G. 2002. The Winding driveway to Representation The Philippine Party-List Experience. Makati Ateneo School of Government and Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.Tangkia, Fritzie Palma and Ma.AraceliBascoHabaradas. 2001.Party-List System The Philippine Experience. Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Philippines.http//www.library.fes.de/pdffiles/bueros/philippinen/50076.pdf. (November 27, 2011).

Evil in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart :: Things Fall Apart essays

corruptive in Things Fall Apart   Throughout the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, the reader feels darkness. Evil is a concept that is steadfastly to define. The dictionary defines it as morally bad wicked (Funk & Wagnalls 220). But is the definition of evil really as simple as that? Many would conjecture that there is more to defining evil than just a few words. Evil can also be defined by a culture. If genius were to study various cultures around the world, he or she would discover that each culture has a different way of defining evil. Even world political science sometimes plays a role in defining evil. But ones personal definition seems to have the most impact on what one thinks is evil.   Theology has compete a strong role in defining evil for thousands of years. The Bible teaches Christians that Satan is evil, and non to follow his teachings. Evil as a concept in Christianity developed in the third and fourth centuries. During that time, St. Augu stine determined that Evil is the privation, or absence, of good, as darkness is the absence of light. (Funk&Wagnalls19) In modern times, theology has had a difficult time defending the existence of God in light of the many atrocities that have occurred in the last 100 years, such as the Holocaust, military man War II, the Vietnam War, and the ethnic cleansing of Kosovo. As a result, theology is now having to redefine what evil is. Cultures and politics among cultures have a way of defining evil for their own inhabitants. The Europeans who visited the Ibo culture in Things Fall Apart viewed many of the customs that the natives practiced as evil or barbaric or primitive. The Ibo concept of the Evil Forest was one of them. It was something that each village had and In it were buried all those who died of the really evil diseases, like leprosy and smallpox. (Achebe 148) Another belief held by the tribe in the novel is that if a woman has children, and each dies under evil circumsta nces, then she is under attack by an evil tormentor. The remedy to this problem is to Let her not sleep in her hut. Let her go and stay with her people. In that way she will elude her wicked tormentor and break its evil cycle of descent and death (Achebe 77).

El Duche De Corum Est :: Papers

El Duche De Corum Est The poem Dulche et Decorum Est is about Wilfred Owen (a war poet) who describes in his own experiences, what the war was like. pen one describes how the soldiers are returning to base camp. Owen uses a purblind halting rhythm to suggest how much pain and misery the soldiers are encountering and to imitate how slow are walking. He does this by using punctuation. Verse one tells us a lot about the condition, both physically and mentally, of the men and it gives us an fancy of the appalling conditions. He uses similes such as, Bent double, like hags this illustrates how many of the men fall ill. The poets choice of vocabulary in verse one is very impressive in portraying the state of the soldiers. He uses words such as sludge, trudge, and haunting to describe the harsh conditions of the battlefield. The rhythm in verse two all at once increases, this displays the soldiers panic during the gas attack Punctuation is used to create this faster rhythm, exclamation marks and short sentences suddenly speed up the pace. This gives the lecturer an moving-picture show of the weary soldiers suddenly changing into panic-stricken men. It means that the reader feels that they are involved in what is happening Gas Gas Quick boys direct idiom is used to create panic. Owen also uses words such as stumbling, floundering, and fumbling to describe the desperate actions of the dying man. The verbs such as yelling and drowning give the reader a feeling of chaos. As under a green sea, I saw him drowning, this describes how the gas causes a thick green misty haze just about the men. This is a useful phrase as it enables us to imagine what is happening and use our imagination. It also gives us a sense of how real it all is in his vivid descriptions. Owens guilt is suggested in the line, In all my dreams before my helpless sight, He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning. The fact that he dreams about this

Early Sartre: Unsatisfactory Account of Alterity :: Philosophy Philosophical Essays

Early Sartre Unsatisfactory Account of AlterityABSTRACT This paper critically examines the vogue in which Sartre dealt with the problem of alterity in his early works, proposing that Sartre presented an unsatisfactory account of alterity in his first philosophical work entitled The Transcendence of the self-importance, though his study of imagination offers ample opportunities to re-examine the dubiety of alterity and to arrive at a more adequate formulation of the way in which the self relates to the other. I therefore begin by demonstrating that the Transcendence of the Ego perpetuates the Cartesian tradition where the self is defined primarily in terms of thinking-that is, self-consciousness and immanence. Next, I turn to the Sartrean Psychology of Imagination to find another way of conceptualizing the problem. I inquire into his general surmisal of the imaginary consciousness defined as a picture consciousness and argue that it reduces the alterity of the imaginary object to sheer absence. As such, the theory of imagination does not allow us to bring the fundamental character of alterity to light. Still, we uncover a more adequate way of dealing with alterity in the mount of the imaginary life. I show that the notion of the picture itself allows us to conceptualize alterity as the radical withdrawal of the other. Finally, I make evident that the imaginary subject is needs divided between itself and itself as another and due to that internal split, bunghole grasp the alterity of another person. The first properly philosophical work written by Sartre-The Transcendence of the Ego (1) -is an investigation into the problem of otherness, of alterity or-to use Sartres terminology-of transcendence. Sartre develops the notion of transcendence in a radical opposition to that of immanence i. e. of a uniform and homogenous sameness. His ultimate aim is to arrive at the notion of immanence purified of any transcendent elements and to use that notion as a clue for his definition of subjectivity. That is to say, to the enquire What am I? Sartre would reply I am an immanence without transcendence. I am a pure stream of consciousness without any contents. I am an absolute transparency without opacity. I am no more than the temporal unity of my life-which means-a pure self-contained flow that no alien element can interrupt or contaminate.The idea of pure self-transparent subjectivity has a long history behind it. It originated in the philosophy of Descartes and was further developed by Husserl.

Early Sartre: Unsatisfactory Account of Alterity :: Philosophy Philosophical Essays

Early Sartre Unsatisfactory Account of AlterityABSTRACT This paper critically examines the way in which Sartre dealt with the problem of alterity in his early works, proposing that Sartre presented an unsatisfying account of alterity in his first philosophical work entitled The Transcendence of the ego, though his study of imagination offers ample opportunities to re-examine the question of alterity and to arrive at a more adequate formulation of the way in which the self relates to the other. I therefore begin by demonstrating that the Transcendence of the Ego perpetuates the Cartesian usance where the self is defined primarily in terms of thinking-that is, self-consciousness and immanence. Next, I turn to the Sartrean Psychology of Imagination to find another way of conceptualizing the problem. I intercommunicate into his general theory of the imaginary consciousness defined as a picture consciousness and argue that it reduces the alterity of the imaginary object to sheer absen ce. As such, the theory of imagination does not allow us to bring the fundamental character of alterity to light. Still, we uncover a more adequate way of dealing with alterity in the context of the imaginary life. I show that the notion of the picture itself allows us to conceptualize alterity as the radical withdrawal of the other. Finally, I make evident that the imaginary subject is necessarily divided mingled with itself and itself as another and due to that internal split, can grasp the alterity of another person. The first properly philosophical work written by Sartre-The Transcendence of the Ego (1) -is an investigation into the problem of otherness, of alterity or-to use Sartres terminology-of transcendence. Sartre develops the notion of transcendence in a radical opposition to that of immanence i. e. of a uniform and homogenous sameness. His ultimate heraldic bearing is to arrive at the notion of immanence purified of any transcendent elements and to use that notion as a clue for his definition of subjectivity. That is to say, to the question What am I? Sartre would reply I am an immanence without transcendence. I am a pure stream of consciousness without any contents. I am an absolute transparency without opacity. I am no more than the temporal unity of my life-which means-a pure self-contained flow that no alien element can interrupt or contaminate.The idea of pure self-transparent subjectivity has a long history behind it. It originated in the philosophy of Descartes and was further developed by Husserl.

Child Beauty Pageant

Formal Outline Child Beauty boast Introduction 1. How many of you guys ease up heard or seen the show Toddler and Tiaras? Its a show where toddlers and young children take stage wearing make ups, spray tans and fake hair to be judged on smasher, personality and costumes. Tiaras are following families on their guest for sparkly cr knowledges, big tittles, and lots of cash. 2. Preview I think child beauty pageant is perfectly unacceptable. Children should be on the play ground playing games, be active and have fun not, wear makeup and have fake tan and find judged for their beauty. . Thesis We should show and teach the younger generation that beauty is not everything we should not let little young girls participate in beauty contest. They are growing in addition fast, they dont purge understand the whole thing and usually they are dragged by their parents & you dont even know if thats actually something the child wants to do. Body 1. First main point Is beauty everything? Wha t are we really teaching these young kids? When a interviewer asks or so child beauty contestants which one would you rather be? Smart or beautiful? and most of them answered beautiful, this is something not a little 5-8 year old should be responding. Its scary enough to know that they have an idea of what beauty means, this is something we should only worry about when we are older. * Sub point These beauty pageant contests has taught them that existence beautiful means being fake and superficial. * Sub point They are growing too fast, makeup and hair products can do a lot of harm to little kids face and their hair. * Sub point I understand that some pageant are for scholarships, good cause and family bonding cartridge holder scarcely there are always other ways you can do those things.I think entering a beauty contest is little pungency extreme and can really break up how kids feel about themselves and the world. * Sub point It wouldnt be bad if they are doing natural beauty contest, I dont have anything against them but most of the child beauty pageant are not. alteration some parents take the beauty pageant too far and far too serious because some of them took drastic measures. Second main point Botox 1. This is one of the most ridiculous I have ever seen and heard a mother injected her 8-year old daughter with Botox. (Good morning America)The mother said I knew she was complaining about her face, having wrinkles, and things like that when I brought it up to Britney she was all for it 2. What kid needs Botox for wrinkles? And do these parents do whatever their children ask for? I dont want to judge how to raise their own children but injecting your own kid with Botox is crossing the line. She also admitted that she was actually encouraged by other stage mothers and they do it to their children. 3. The Botox procedure is do by the mother herself she is not even a doctor? When they asked little Britney if Botox hurt she said yes but its less than ge tting her legs waxedTransition Is it really for their children? Why are these parents taking it so far? Third main point 1. Of course all these pageant moms say they are doing this for their kid, but teaching their kids to being superficial and fake is not the right way. They want their kid to win, they make it important for their kids to win and these young kids are being pressing to win beauty contest. The parents usually say it makes their daughter feels beautiful, confidences and get use to pressure, what if they lose? What does that do to the kid? 2. These kids are not ready for those things they need to win those slowly.Growing up too fast is bad for them and giving them a mental picture that beauty is everything. Conclusion Which brings me back to my first main point that we should be teaching our kids to have fun and tell them how education is important and outside beauty is important. The only beauty they should know is about inner beauty and being a nice person not abou t make ups and being skinny. Clincher In conclusion, I hope all of you guys feels the same way as me or at least close to it because these little kids dont need to be judged on their beauty dont let them ruin their childhood and say NO to child beauty pageant.

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Albert Campus defines an absurd hero, one who despite the circumstances transcends all odds. Sisyphus, condemned by the gods to iron out a rock to the top of a mountain, chooses to make the most of his burden by accepting his situation and saying yes to his challenge Personal response essay How do we grow as individuals? What molds our lives and selves? Rewards and improvements in our lives can be accredited to the hardships and adversities individuals face. Adversities like being laid off, grueling 12 hour work days, raising teenagers, and couples Ryan Overcoming AdversityThroughout the land there are many different people who go through different trials and tribulations. man history and existence today would not be what It is If we didnt make believe to struggle a bit to get what we want. I feel this also applies Issues of Adversity Issues of Adversity That which cannot kill me can only make me stronger. With Reference to the quote, the colouring material purple (3 characters) and 3 other sources of supplementary text, write an essay. Adversity Is unfortunately, an aspect of life which can hardly be avoided. Some people experience pension Words PagesHorses Assertion of Adversity Argument Essay Horses asserts through adversity, hidden talents are brought to the surface, which would otherwise lay dormant. This claim has proven to be a apropos truism in literature and history. Heroes and heroines of the literary canon have long faced strife and turmoil. In meeting these Premium Words Pages Wallace able to pass on their goals and experience respectable success In life. While both Lulu and Alexei hail from completely different cultures, they both experienced adversity and struggled with overcoming societal and racial prejudices.Alexei is of Native American descent and spent his Premium Words Pages Advisor Essay Personal response essay How do we grow as Individuals? What molds our lives and selves? Rewards and Improvements In our lives can be accredited to the hardships and adversities Individuals face. Adversities like being laid off, grueling 12 hour work days, raising teenagers, and couples Premium Words Pages Sisyphus Synthesis push a rock to the top off mountain, chooses to make the most of his burden by accepting his situation and saying yes to his challenge Premium Words PagesAdversity Builds part challenges. It was these challenges that have caused them to become very successful in what they do. In my essay, I have proven that adversity brings out the talents and creativity in people. A notable quote from Frederica Nietzsche says, That which does not kill us makes us stronger. Premium Words Pages Overcoming Adversity many different people who go through different trials and tribulations. Human history and existence today would not be what it is if we didnt have to struggle a bit to get what we want. I feel this also applies Premiums Words Pages EffectiveDanders smith March 19, 2012 Essay Overcoming an Obstacle One who gain s strength by overcoming obstacles posses the only strength which can overcome adversity? To one this means that the only substance to conquer a personal low is by overcoming obstacles in order to gain strength Premium Words Pages Freedom Writers territories are created to bring a sense of equality among those of the same race. Overcoming adversity, family relationships, inequality in education, success and goal setting is what Mrs.. Gruel aims to have instilled in those around her. A theme which surfaces in the mental picture is that of Mrs.. Gruel

How I Think and Learn

Through verboten my college years I capture found what my best ways of hypothesizeing and learning are. I run through tried numerous different methods to make sure I get the best out of learning. Now that I know what helps me concentrate I stick to that method when studying. sentiment is a complex part of me that I have touchyies in, especially when I have to make a decision. Thinking and learning are a plow that has no stoping, and frequently can be modified to ones potential. To learn what I am being taught, I have to rewrite and review my notes.I have difficult time memorizing my notes, so the more I review them the easier it is for me to remember the content. Also, to learn in severalise I have to sit in the front of class to focus on what is being taught. When it comes to study time, I like to be alone to be able to think and process what I am learning. I dont like to have distractions at this time so, this helps me concentrate and forget about any other issues I may ha ve. I remember that I need to improve my persona so that I can become a successful and ample nurse one day. I requisite to improve my technical acquisition, according to Alfaro, this it to focus on more important things.Sometimes I dedicate more time to acculturation with friends and I dont dedicate enough assignments, which is more important. In the past, while I was taking a science course, I would spend more time going out with my friends rather than studying for upcoming quizzes or exams. I know that if I focus more on important things I will be a better student that will lead to a great nursing career. Another, skill I want to improve on is my interpersonal skill. I have a difficulty communicating with others, especially if they are older people than me.I have difficulty expressing myself to others and giving any feedback. I would like to improve this skill because I want to prepare myself to workings with a large number of people, like at a hospital. I know that being pa rt of a health care team means that working as a team is important. I will work on this skill by socializing more with my fellow co workers and other people when the time is appropriate. The last skill I think is important for me to improve is my intellectual skill as well. I think that my confidence in decision making is not very high.I usually dont go with my gut feeling. For instance, when I waste a test and Im unsure about an answer, if I have an intuition about an answer I always doubt myself and end up choosing the wrong answer. I think this skill will help me as a nurse in the future because the life of patients will avow on me, and I have to make the best decision to keep them healthy. I plan to work on this skill by trusting myself and working on myself esteem. Throughout the years that I have dedicated in college to better my education and prepare for a better future I have learned many new things about myself.Ive found out what my styles in learning are, and what helps me learn and stay focus. I have been able to critically think about different situations that will impact my life and have been able to make wise decisions about my life. I am happy that there is great opportunity for improvement in myself. I am looking forward into putting to use what I have learned and happy that Ive been cerebration the difference between a thinker and a critical thinker. Alfaro-Lefevre, R. (2009). Critical thinking and clinical judgement (4th ed). Philadelphia WB Saunders

Defining the Concepts of Class, Race, Gender Essay

E actually society known to man has used either charge, corporal body, ethnicity, gender or all of the above to determine placement in civilization. Sometimes atomic number 53 or more of these categories comingle and we characterize this as intersectionality. Finding the words, however, to define ground level, race, gender, or intersectionality is non an easy feat. Throughout the past few weeks we direct read many an early(a)(prenominal) articles that allowed us many clear descriptions. Prior to this course I would have expound mannequin as being a way in which society groups individuals based on economic positions or aff adapted status. In my opinion, sometimes political beliefs can attribute towards class placement as well. However, since reading the required texts and watching films based on class, we now know that in that respect are some other factors associated with class divisions. For example, we read in Brenda J. Allens Social Class Matters article that not only are these two viewpoints large contributors (economic & political alliances) towards classes, but in want manner geographic locations.This can be seen when visiting a typical trailer park, where many of its residents are presumably called white trash, or as envisioned with reject income families who live in the projects or ghetto. Their locale most likely reflects their kindly status or class. Moreover, we have agreeed that these factors also define what class is to the general public education, occupational position, and power. Women without class by Julie Bettie examines class theory by understanding the ways in which class identity is constructed. It has many illustrations of affectionate class by way of education and occupational positions. The upper crust students of Waretown were typically children of white collar employees. The preps generally outperformed the las chicas, hard surviving, and often settled living students of this documentary, as exemplified in the tit les placed on the over and under achievers. For example, preps is an abbreviation for college preparatory which was the type of advanced class the children of white collar workers of Waretown come ined in to cook for life after gamey school.While these courses allowed some students endless opportunities, other students in the exact same school attended seminars with lowered educational expectations. sooner these students were encouraged to attend expensive certification courses that upon graduation held them captive in low paying positions with debt remaining after completion. The Death of the Social Class by Pakulsky and Waters believes social class is no longer relevant in the United States. A principal reason for this message states that because slavery is now obsolete, we have the legal upholding of the United States Constitution, and we expect education to be attained by all races. As a result resources have become more dominant among all races. Race, in the past, was a wo rd that I identified as being someones skin color, however as I matured (both mentally and physically) and met individuals from other cultures I soon realized that race is a culmination of many things.Culture and ethnicity are quite influential in ascertain a persons race as well. For example, not everyone with dark skin is African American, just as not ever fair clamber person is Caucasian. As exhibited in Cruz-Janzens For example in the article Racial formation in the United States written by Michael Omi and Howard Winant, we learn of the lah equity that states that if a person has 1/32nd Negro blood, they are automatically considered B lack or African American. Although Susie Guillory Phipps tells us she is majority Caucasian this law still classifies her as being Black and she unsuccessfully attempted to sue the state to change her vital records. There are many reasons why the presidency still requires race on legal paperwork. Some argue that some sort of racial classificati on system is required.One reason may be the government funded subsidies some companies receive as a result of employing a minimum amount of minorities. From a personal viewpoint, race matters because it is a way that quite a little identify culturally with one another. Another reason may be from a biological perspective some diseases and/or illnesses may be communal amongst certain races, therefore it would be beneficial medically to be aware of such traits. Women Without Class (Bettie) also identifies various races for the sake of showcase studies that were researched by the author. The womanish students identified culturally with one another but sometimes overlapped identities to interact with one another. As in the example of the student Starr who was from a working class background, however she identified with the cultures of the Mexican American cholas after moving to Waretown.This is an example of an extreme case in which the person felt the need to choose one particular g roup to socialize with because she did not feel as though she had some(prenominal) in common with the other non-Hispanic working class students she chose to interact with this social hierarchy. She gave in to conformity from her past actions to better fit the desires and social realities of her newly acquired friends. Gender is another social aspect that many people use to crystalise each other. It has been said that had it not been for ourselves questioning or labeling gender, it would not exist at all. The Social Construction of Gender written by Judith Lorber argues gender formulation begins being cataloged after viewing the childs genitals after delivery. Upon birth babies are treated differently based on sex and/or gender.An unintentional yet major classification occurs as soon as the baby is placed in his or her incubator. Nurses and other medical staff peignoir the tiny babies in one of two colors pink or blue. It has even been researched that our speech and tone changes according to the babies sex as well. If we see a baby boy, for example, we quickly begin to daydream of tossing the old pigskin around in the yard or rough housing the baby. For the baby girl, however, we speak in softer high pitched tones and fantasize about planning own believe tea parties with baby dolls as guests. In essence, Lorber believes that gender behavior is learned and is being taught not needfully an expression of how we see ourselves. Another gender specific study was examined in R.W. Connells Gender Relations. In this article we learned of 2 separate studies conducted.Barry Thornes research in which teaching roles in American elementary schools were mostly comprised of females and playgrounds were divided based on gender. The second study was performed by Dunbar Moodies, who researched South African mines that were, not surprisingly, dominated by the male workforce. Another theory learned in Connells article was that of trailblazing British feminist Juliet Mitchel l- who taught that there were four elements of gender that subjugate women. Those four facets were believed to be production, reproduction, socialization, and sexuality. It is also demonstrated in more current literary findings unrelated to gender.For example, Black Picket Fences addresses racial stereotypes, but it also depicts womens roles separately from male gender roles. Each story that is told from first person shares a journey that taken either from amend bad boys or girls that have strayed along the beaten path and hooked up with the guy from the wrong side of the track. The males were sometimes peer pressured into joining gangs from lack of responsible male figures and as a result may have performed illegal acts. This clearly represents gender assignments. Intersectionality involves both social and cultural relationships that overlap surrounded by race, class, and gender. Perhaps the most obvious portrayal of this theme isSection 2 Biology and FamiliesIn Conleys article T he Starting Gate regarding the correlation amidst low birth weight babies and race it was determined that social standings in society is not based solely on genetics and biota. Instead we learn that other factors may influence our place in society as well. Things like our educational backgrounds and what occupations we choose to support ourselves combine with aspects that are outside of our control, like birth order and race, to decide the social class we will inherent. Women Without Class discusses the concept of some students becoming upwardly mobile. This concept is all-important(prenominal) because it shows how race and parental occupations sometimes do not decide what social class a person will be invited into. The upwardly mobile students were not necessarily white, and had parents who were blue collar workers as opposed to being a lawyer, doctor, etcyet despite all of this they were still able to join the social cliques of the elite.These girls were also able to develop a s trong sense of class awareness. In fact, Lareaus Invisible Inequality even states that race has very little to do with class social standings. The data collected from this investigation examines parenting styles all socioeconomic backgrounds from either Black or White families perspective. The researchers were able to map the connections between parents resources and their childrens daily activities. Middle class families, regardless of race, tended to take a more traditional approach to child rearing in comparison with lower class families who relied heavily on outside play and extended families for activities. Middle class parents also stressed language development and use of reasoning skills. These parents enroll their children in various age appropriate organized activities that govern family life and create massive effort for mothers. The parents view these activities as passing on important life skills to children.They asked leading open-ended questions that required insight a nd thought provoking answers. Whereas, working class and poor families believe that if they give a child love, food, and a safe environment they will grow to become responsible adults. They also participate in little organized sports or other activities and have much more free time. Working-class and poor parents issue many more directives to their children and some place a great deal of stress on physical punishment. A great example of this is the research of Harold McAllister, a 10 year old from a lower class black family. Harolds mother asks very little questions of authority figures (such as the family doctor) and does not encourage Harold to be cognizant of his body and any health related questions he may have. He plays surface with his older cousins and occasionally attends church. For the most part Invisible Inequality is full of descriptions of race versus class status.However, with regard to birth order and geographic locations determining social status, it is also briefly mentioned in Invisible Inequality. For instance, when we are introduced to another research subjects family, upper middle class black family horse parsley Williams, we learn that both of Alexs parents are from small Southern towns and come from large families. This slight mention is yet another example of intersectionality as well. A more extreme example, genetically speaking Ms Phipps (mentioned previously) was considered legally Black however her social status did not classify her by her race. Phipps identifies with the White race. The case illustrated the inadequacies that claim that race is merely skin color. We have all witnessed or been aware of racial conditioning at one point or another.We make assumptions based on race and classify a persons race immediately according to their physical appearance. Biologically speaking, there are many factors that influential in determining a persons birth weight. Low income families have less medical care and are exposed to certain agent s that prohibit recipe growth of the fetus. Also contact with second hand smoke and lead based paints, etc. have been attributed towards low birth weight. Another factor involving biology is the responsibility many women from different racial backgrounds face.White women, for example, have long been expected to remain wholesome and keep the family bloodlines pure. Pressure to remain a double-dyed(a) until marriage and pre-marital sex were heavily stressed among white women. This forced racial conformity as a means of biological deterioration for the white race. In conclusion, all of the articles and readings discussed previously support Conleys summation that both genetic and biological starting points do not fully determine our social standings in class. Rather, they work cohesively with other reasons to establish these relationships.Section 3 Working Class & Middle Class IdentitiesAlthough class is especially important I would agree that other issues are becoming increasingly ju st as important if not more. Factors such as race and or gender influence personal outcomes. both Women Without Class and Black Picket Fences provided various examples to support this theory.

Marijuana vs. Alcohol in the United States

marijuana vs. Alcohol In The United States Marijuana and inebriant are the two most threatening drugs usanced in the States today. Marijuana is the most illicit drug magic spell alcohol is the most abused. Both were illegal during the prohibition but when the constitution was ratified in 1933 alcohol was make legal charm marijuana remained illegal. It does not mean that because alcohol is still legal its less dangerous than marijuana. Both drugs lead to serious risks and should be taken with caution if used.Marijuana is a mixture of dried, shredded leaves, stems and flowers from a hemp plant better know as Cannabis sativa. Uses of marijuana can be recreational or medical and the earliest recorded uses date from the 3rd millennium BC. (Rudgley,The Lost Civilizations) Tetrahydrocannabinol also cognize as THC is the chemical substance responsible for marijuanas psychological effects. THC stimulates cells in the brain to release dopamine and causes euphoria like feeling. While the most popular use is for recreational purposes, it is proven that it can help in the medical field also.Even medical marijuana is illegal in most states. Supporters of medical marijuana palisade that it can be safe and effective against AIDS, cancer, multiple sclerosis, pain, glaucoma and former(a) conditions. Nonetheless, abusing marijuana can lead to problem with learning, memory and social behavior. It can also deputize with family, work and other activities. But there are some(prenominal) in favor for cannabis like Bob Marley a famous musician and known for his use of marijuana describes in an interview Herb is the healing of a nation, alcohol is the destruction.Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant that is chop-chop absorbed from the stomach and small intestine into the bloodstream. Alcohol affects every organ in the body. Individual reactions to alcohol vary and are influenced by many factors much(prenominal) as age, gender, physical condition, how quickly the alc ohol was consumed, etc. Alcohol starts to affect the brain within five minutes of being consumed. Drinking alcohol leads to deviation of coordination, poor judgment, memory lapses and even blackouts. Alcohol is a drug so mixing it with any other drug can be extremely dangerous.Drinking excessively oer a period of time can cause problems with relationships, money or the law. It can also cause severe health problems and even death. From 2001 to 2005 the U. S. Centers for ailment Control and Prevention (CDC) reports on average more than 79,000 deaths per year was caused by excessive alcohol use. (CDC, Vital Signs) Excessive alcohol addiction includes binge drinking, heavy drinking and any drinking by pregnant women or minors. On the other hand, the CDC does not have a category for deaths caused by the use of marijuana.Statistically, death promptly from marijuana overdose is extremely rare. However, according to the FBIs Uniform Crime Reporting data, there were a total of 1. 5 mill ion drug arrests across the nation in 2011 and out of those arrests around 750,000 were for marijuana alone. (FBI, Persons Arrested) While both alcohol and marijuana should not be taken with any other drug and getting behind the wheel while drunk or high poses significant risk to everyone. Alcohol is still vastly greater in number when it comes to death than marijuana but then again one is legal while the other one is not.The legalization of marijuana has been an argument for over 70 years. Even though voters helped to legalize the drug in Colorado and Washington, its still legal for the rest of the United States. There are many pros and cons for marijuana legalization. For example, it could increase the number of children using the drug if it was legal. Whereas if the drug were to be decriminalized there would be a large reduction of the prison population while saving government costs. Our economy could benefit through taxing marijuana.In 2010, CNBC reported that legalization coul d make it a $100 billion industry in America depending on how the government would tax on the sale and the distribution of the plant. (Nelson, How Big Is the Marijuana Market? ) The possibilities are fascinating but what if alcohol was made illegal. If alcohol were criminalized then hundreds of thousands of people who worked in the business would be out of jobs. Bootlegging and organized crimes would be on the rise. It would surely change the drinking habits of our country and would greatly decrease the number of drinking problems today.Although marijuana is less harmful than other legal drugs, has various medical benefits and legalizing it would bring economic benefits. While alcohol causes many deaths a year but if outlawed could lead to more harm than good. Both are very different from each other and possess the authority for unique risks or benefits. In any case, they both should not be taken with any other drug and getting behind the wheel while drunk or high poses significan t risk to everyone. Marijuana and alcohol will continue to be the most used and abused drugs in America. moreover they should always be dealt with caution and never be taken for granted.

Ap Euro Calendar Dbq

Explain the reasons for the adoption of a spic-and-span calendar in revolutionary France and give way reactions to it in the period 1789 to 1806. The adoption of the revolutionary calendar to replace the Gregorian calendar took place on November 24, 1793 by the National Convention. This in the raw calendar lasted until pile I abolished it in 1806. The new calendar was a adopted in revolutionary France for many reasons including blasphemous ideas and political reasons. There were also many reactions to the budge of calendar between 1789 and 1806 such a criticism.There were many laic-slanted ideas that were adopted into the new calendar during revolutionary france. In 1789, the Cahier de doleances (report of grievances), from the Third Estate of Chateau-Thierry, verbalise that they asked for the number of phantasmal holi geezerhood be reduced because each of them enchains the activity of a great people, being of considerable detriment to the state and the numerous disadvantag es of idleness. This shows that the new calendar was more(prenominal) secular because of the decrease in the amount of religious holidays (Document 1).The illustrations of newly named months also show that the new calendar shows more secular-slanted ideas. The new months are named for prosperity and things they are cognise for. For example, the month of Fructidor which is the month of harvest is between August 18 and September 16, which harvest time. This shows a more secular calendar because the months are associate France with French stuff, instead of the old months being named after religious people (Document 4).In a earn to the National Convention from a peasant from Etampes, it says that with nine long, hard days of labor, the simple citizens want small distractions on their day of rest. During the use of the new calendar in France, people went to church a lot less because with the new calendar they would only go every tenth day, instead of going on Sundays during the Gregor ian calendar (Document 7). Government officials in the French town of Steenwerck, Picardy, said that people spend less time in the temple celebrating the tenth day and revolutionary festivals as an affront to republicans.This shows that the new calendar was more secular because with the new calendar people began to go to church less (Document 10). The new calendar in revolutionary France, showed how France started to move towards a more secular world. A lot of people agreed with the adoption of the new calendar by revolutionary France for many reasons. Gilbert Romme, head of the calendar reform committee, believed that the church calendar was born among ignorant people. He said Time opens a new book for history, and it must use a new pen to record the muniment of a regenerated France. What Romme means by this is that since France is going through new times, they need to change the calendar to fit it (Document 2). In Instruction Concerning the Era of the Republic and the function o f the Year which was a decree of the National Convention, it said that the new calendar allow for eliminate incoherence and inexactitude. This means that with the new calendar people will be more exact and orderly because of more gain days. It also states that the new calendar will show the character of our revolution (Document 5). In the letter to the National Convention from the village of St.Quirin, it says how the people spend their day of rest. In the letter it says that they honor the memory of the generals who have become martyrs and they read aloud the republican accomplishments. The people of the village of Quirin supported the new calendar because they got the tenth day off (Document 6). Many people agreed with the change to the new calendar in revolutionary France because, they thought it was needed since france was going through new times, they also thought the more work days will make people work better, and because some people thought that the tenth day was great.Unt il the new calendar was abolished by Napoleon I in 1806, it received a lot of criticism. Pierre-Joseph Denis, a former Girondin imprisoned during the Terror and then recalled to the National Convention, wrote in Opinion on the Decades that the new calendar was an act of despotism forced on the people, and the festivals found on it were detestable. Denis is criticizing the new calendar because he thinks that it was unfair that the new calendar was forced upon them (Document 8).Francois-Sebastien Letourneux, Minister of Interior, criticized the new calendar because he thinks that the interval between days of rest is too long. Letourneux said that the artisan and farmer can not work nine days in a row (Document 9). In an member in Gazette de France, it talks about the return to the Gregorian calendar. It says that the new calendar was so weak that when it fell, it didnt even offer us an opportunity to bawl about the fragility of human things.The article also says that it was sad tha t the names of the festivals were not not devoted to the benefactors of humanity, but were devoted to the cabbages, the turnips, and the artichoke (Document 11). Abbe Sieyes wrote in repartee to the Committee of Public Instructions proposal for a new calendar, that it is not needed. Sieyes believed that there was no reason to differentiate ourselves from everyone else (Document 3). Many people didnt agree with the idea of the new calendar, which was the reason it only lasted until 1806.The new calendar was adopted in France for many reasons including to have more work days and to get rid of some of the holidays. whatever people agreed with the new calendar because they thought that it was needed since France was changing and others agreed with it because they thought that with more work days, people will be more exact and will get more work done. Some people criticized it because they thought that nine straight days of work a week was injurious for the farmers and artisans and be cause the new calendar wasnt needed.

Forecast of Aud/Usd:

In short termination, Australia is liner higher inflation esteem (2. 9%) than the unite States (2. 1%), this can lead to the domestic commercialize price plus besides not much fluctuation for currency commute say. Moreover, Australia has higher gross domestic product harvest-time rate than get together States (3. 5% vs 2. 4%) and lower unemployment rate than US, which are 5. 2% and 7. 9% in 2013. Therefore, the income will increase in Australia. Australia consumers would spend more on the US imports and the demand for US will increase. The supply of long horses will increase to buy more US products and the value of USD will increase relative to the AUD.In conclusion, we predict that the exchange rate of AUD/USD will decrease in the short term. In mediocre term, in that location will be almost a constant decline of inflation rate each(prenominal) year in Australia while that of coupled States last outs fairly constant. The Inflation rate in United States is still lowe r than Australia. As a result, it is highly unlikely that the interest rate in Australia will increase by a large amount. On the other hand, the interest rate within the United States would be expect to remain quite low.In addition, according to the information from IMF, GDP growth of Australia will be stable at 3. 5% while that of United States will increase from 2. 4% to 3. 5%. Although there is a large reduction in unemployment rate in United States, it is still higher than Australias. Therefore, as unyielding as the US Federal Reserve will not implement the monetary insurance form _or_ system of government QE3 in the next few years, the currency of the United States will go up against Australia, but exchange rate of Australia will still be slightly higher than United States in the intercede term.In the extensive term (greater than 5 years), the inflation rate of Australia will drop to 2. 4% in 2017 while that of United States will start to rise. On the other hand, GDP growt h for both Australia and United States are confusable at a stable pace of 4% and are hard to improve?In addition, the unemployment rate will continue to decline to about 4%. After 2017, inflation rates and GDP growth rate of both countries are expected to get closer and closer, achieving the stable coordination finally.At the same time, the Central Banks should not raise their interest rate to lower the inflation. Therefore, in conclusion, we predict that the exchange rate of AUD/USD will remain at a stable relationship with each other in the long term. Reference IMF 2012, IMF entropy Mapper, 2Executive summary This report focuses on forecasting the trend of exchange rate of AUD/USD and PHP/USD in short term, fair term and long term. The fundamental analysis is based on the changes in demand and supply of those trey currencies.In terms of PHP/USD, for short term, the higher domestic interest rate in Philippine and the monetary policy (QE) will be implemented by United States wil l result in PHP/USD decreases. For intermediate term, as QE grows the GDP of United States, Philippines remain domestic policies and target, the supply of dollars increase faster than demand of pesos decrease, PHP/USD continue to decrease. For long term, those factors which affect the exchange rate will trend to reach an another equilibrium, PHP/USD increase.As for AUD/USD, due to the increased outlay of Australia on the US imports, the demand for US will increase. Consequently, AUD/USD will decrease in the short term. For intermediate term, Unit Stated will experience an obvious economic recovery while the major macroeconomic variables in Australia generally remain at a stable level, thus AUD/USD will continuous fall, but AUD will still appreciate slightly against USD. In the long term, the economy of both countries are expected to get a stable coordination, so it is likely that the USD will stop depreciating against the AUD and the exchange rate between the USD and he AUD achieve an new equilibrium.In recommendation, US dollar trend to depreciate against Philippines peso in short and intermediate term, purchasing pesos using US dollars now and exchange back to US dollar in the future which up to 5 years for gaining profit. US dollar trend to be appreciated against AU dollar in short and intermediate term, hence the top manager should hold a short position on the AUD and a long position on the USD, while for the long term the top manager just hold a short position on the USD.

Legal, professional and ethical issues relating to patients

pilferThe usance of paidism, ethics and the law has a direct reach on the experience of a unhurried in the modern world. This assay examines several facets that impact the uncomplaining and play a factor in the level of get by plyd. The data provided illustrates the integrated nature of the three aspects as well as demonstrating the good of ethical action. This essay will be of use to any researcher identifying enduring role rights.1 inceptionThe sanctioned, victor and ethical issues surrounding tolerants fool long been a matter of debate (Baylis, 2010). This essay assesses the kingdom of expectations that surrounds each of these argonas in an feat to identify specific elements that provide clarity. Beginning with a base backdrop this evaluation will define each element in pasture to compel a animal foot for move study. Next will be a critical appraisal of the ethical, legal and lord issues that have an impact on a uncomplaining seeking assistance. A conspi racy of the elements of this essay will create the capacity to illustrate the strengths and detriments greensly associated with being a tolerant in the modern system.In the end, this essay examines past policy, modern expend and future electromotive force in an effort to establish a bust understanding of the professional, legal and ethical issues that influence and impact persevering ofs.2 Patient Issues2.1 BackgroundThe moment that a accordant relationship has been established between doctor and unhurried at that place argon critical legal, ethical and professional duties that are required on the blow up of the professional and expected on the part of the unhurried (Purtilo, Haddad and Doherty, 2014). A working relationship is enacted when a forbearing knowingly seeks out a health provider in order to address issues, and is cemented when the provider accepts the patient. After this point the physician and patient role becomes increasingly mazy as issues essential be continually assessed (Baylis, 2010). The role of patient rights and a physician or administrator duties are subject to change depending on the culture, region or nation that the person resides in (Baylis, 2010). With a distinct view to societal influence the legal and cultural definition of rights and responsibilities will vary. Others contend that a patients rights should be universal regardless of the place of residence or status (Corey, Corey and Callahan, 2014). A standardization of policy would reduce many a(prenominal) issues that often plaque both patients and counsel (Corey et al, 2014). A presentment of the effort to amend the build progress rests in the Declaration of Helsinki that served to lay out a set of ethical guidelines that have come to be extremely regarded as a trope of raw material infrastructure (Purtilo et al, 2014).In an effort to address many of the legal, professional and ethical issues that surround the care of patients nations often(prenominal) a s the United States have enacted a patients bill of rights with the express purpose of defend and clarifying the role and duties of the health care system (Purtilo et al , 2014). These protections and guarantees create a phase angle of reassurance that many find necessary in order to depend on the modern medical system. Hafferty and Franks (1994) conversely contend that a standardization of legal and professional behaviours will limit the capacity of the staff to reply to the patients ask. This strain further illustrates with the sum up attention to teaching and ad presentnce to an ethical standard much ability to move forward and progress in the practical world is lost (Hafferty et al 1994). However, the increase in ethical teaching over the course of the past decade has illustrated a benefit to devising ethically and morally based business patient decisions (Kraus, Stricker and Speyer, 2011). With sensitive issues commonly address in a as regards the patients, an understan ding and compassionate assessment and care pattern enhances the entire experience.Common elements of a patients rights platform will include a right to make independent medical decisions richly informed by responsible authority (Kraus et al, 2011). A patient form consent is a highly sought after protection this area (Kraus et al, 2011). With a clear need to provide a equilibrate opportunity for treatment, yet allow the provider latitude to accomplish what is necessary in that respect is a gossamer adjustment that must be maintained. There is a clear and abiding need to include patient autonomy in any form of care (Kraus et al, 2011). Many in the health care manufacturing have opposed a formalized standard for patient care as an unnecessary freight that would only increase the paperwork and entire cost (Stirrat, Johnston, Gillon and Boyd, 2009). In the industry itself, the providers often offer the element of offstage competition as passable to continually spur on high stan dards of patient care. The opposite contestation states that patient care has been seen to be informal in environments that do not have adequate heed to ensure compliance (Ellershaw and Wilkinson, 2003). Occasionally a patients care has been diminished by the lax form of care instituted by the creation (Ellershaw et al, 2003). Others point to the continued high standards that are a instance of the high end private market place as an example of what a positive free market patient care policy should embody (Stirrat et al, 2009). However most utilize the deontological tool to assess and estimate the benefits of any one care process (Stirrat et al, 2009). Much like theMorally, the ethical commit of a professional caregiver dictates a well-rounded and considered implementation of care that provides a solution to the patients on-going issues (Nettina, 2013). The position of non-maleficence, or, first do no harm, illustrates the proper role of the provider (Nettina, 2013). Further, this form of care creates a perception of beneficence that provides much of the moral standing for care providers (Nettina, 2013). A legal obligation whitethorn prevent the caregiver from doing what may be an ethically right act (Ellershaw et al, 2003). This combination of considerations comprises the exuberant clutches of professional liability that patients are linked to. 2.2 Ethical Issues An ethical issue that ranks high at all(prenominal) level of care is the capacity for the patient to remain safe while receiving care (Leape, 2005). There is an ethical necessity for the caregiver to do all that is necessary to prevent injury to their patients (Leape, 2005). This broad umbrella of resort expectations has led to an over expectation of comfort and quality of care, which in turn diminishes the perception of care (Hafferty et al, 1994). If in the process of ensuring patients safety something goes wrong, it becomes the ethical right of care giver to identify new method to resp ond to similar cases (Leape, 2005). Others illustrate the high cost that can quickly be generated from investing resources haphazardly in an attempt to anticipate each and ethical issue (Ellershaw et al, 2003).All care providers have an ethical responsibility to take responsibility for mistakings made that impact their patients in any manner (Leape, 2005). The all too common effort to avoid or shift blame away, in order to preserve other clients must not be a consideration during the implementation of ethical patients considerations. The full orbit of an issue may not be apparent immediately, dictating a delay in admitting fault (Stirrat et al, 2013). This argument is clearly illustrated in the entangled issues surrounding ethical considerations in the field of mental health care for patients (Kraus et al, 2011).Ethically, mentally ill patients should be given the exact same rights and comforts that any other patient would receive (Kraus et al, 2011). Influences that include safe ty and behavior often have impact on the manner in which care is given (Stirrat et al, 2013). In some situations the question of care comes down to the decision of the provider and their ridiculous sexual climax to the illness. A common ethical dilemma that can lead to other professional and legal issues rests in the question of when to medicate and when to refrain from medication (Nettina, 2013). With a patients rights indicating that the best achievable method be utilized, is this to be found in the reduction of nuisance or the allowance of pain in order to treat the larger issueThe ethical and moral questions must be continually addressed by both the patient and the provider in order to arrive at the best fundamental answer (Corey et al, 2014). The converse argument states that the professional knows best and should the person make the crucial decisions (Hafferty et al, 1994).2.3 Legal IssuesThere are a wide range of legal issues that make providing care for a patient a mul tifactorial experience (Nettina, 2013). A patient must consider each element of their care in order to ensure that the appropriate services have been rendered. Nettina (2013) identifies the primary sources of legal risk in the nurses profession as patient care, procedures performed and the associated quality of documentation. This implies that at any one point a wrongdoing in care may be interpreted as a legal lapse do the provider liable (Nettina, 2013). In order to minimize the exposure to legal and pecuniary process, instruments including risk management systems and the implementation of devices designed to anticipate and reduce the risk of injury for patients (Nettina, 2013). The converse position argue that the financial expense of keeping up with the latest developments in science has a direct adverse impact on the manner in which a small provider can find it difficult to corroborate operations (Corey, 2014).In many nations including the United States and the United Kingdo m, the fact that it is illegal to discriminate against a patient based on gender, nationality, religion or any reason allows for every person to find adequate care (Richardson and Storr, 2010). Others advocate for the application of health care after an assessment of insurance and payment abilities (Ellerwshaw et al, 2010). Potentially, those lacking(p) an adequate source of funding for health care have received only marginal consideration, which in turn can quickly become not only an ethical and professional detriment only if a legal issue that can diminish overall operations (Richardson et al, 2010). Yet, the provider can cite the case as bringing beyond their capacity and turn a patient away, thereby citing a legal reason to turn away patients (White and Osullivan, 2012).Once treatment has commenced it is legally required to detect consent of the patient prior to the performance of any treatment that may substantially impact the patient (Bayliss, 2012). This legal right ensur es that a patient is informed ahead possible life altering decisions are made. In some cases a layman patient will not adequately understand the full issue at hand, and therefore the professional associated with the concern should make the call (Kraus et al, 2013). This position of decision making capacity again touches on the elements that are directly related to the ethical and professional policies and positions of the institution that is providing the patient with care. Further, once care has begun, the patient is assured of continuity of care as well as confidentially (Bayliss, 2012). This legal underpinning ensures that an incapacitated patient will not have to make critical decisions immediately or during the procedure.A primary method of protection for patients and overall control for care providers rests in the legal institution of mal practice (Jonsen, Siegler and Winslade, 2006). Others argue that the institution of mal practice ties the hands of care providers by puttin g too many hurdles in way of effective care (Hafferty et al, 1994). Still others advocate for a mitigated form of malpractice that addresses the needs of the patient without threatening the entire structure of the providers livelihood (Corey et al, 2014). In cases that a providers services can be proven to be less than what was expected by the patient or the institution, there is the opportunity for financial redress. In order to mal practice to be claimed, there must be an existing patient and provider relationship acknowledged on all sides (Jonsen et al, 2006).A patient is legally entitled to a referral to a better provider if the first practitioner is unable to meet their needs (Bayliss, 2013). This area touches on the ethical responsibly of the provider to assist the patient in any just manner (Corey, 2014). Others cite the potential for litigation if the referral goes wrong and there are problems for the patient (Hafferty et al, 1994). A continued source of worry for the medic al profession is the looming threat of court action over a mistake or oversight on their part (Bayliss, 2013).2.4 Professional IssuesThe entirety of the expected behaviour of any patient related institution is required to exhibit professional and exemplary behaviour (Corey et al, 2014). This expectation is tempered by region, financial issues and the available of competent staff (Urden, Lough, Stacy and Thelan, 2006). Many contend that care for the patient should come before financial or regulatory concerns (Bayliss, 2012). Regional and national political regulations play a large part in the establishment of professional standards as regards the treatment of patients in several areas around the world (Corey et al, 2014). A Professional perception is made up of the ethical and legal considerations that are relevant to the position, again providing a firm indication of the integrated nature of the legal, ethical and professional aspect of patient care (Bayliss, 2012).The professional will not neglect the rights of the patient in the pursuit of their goals (Corey et al, 2014). This facet reflects the need for the professional to fire the relationship at the correct time, for the proper reason. In many cases, some professionals will make a billing cycle longer for the simple reason of increased revenue with little effort (Corey et al, 2014). Others get this approach as overly cautious and cite the need to be certain of the outcome for the patient before any change of status should be implemented (Bayliss, 2012). This same sense of professionalism is extended to the form of treatment that a patient has the right to expect, with the best choice, not the latest trend being the choice (Stirrat et al, 2013). The patient must be given every component of information in order to provide an informed consent. Anything less than full transparency on the part of the provider is an ethical, legal and professional bobble (Corey et al, 2014).3 ConclusionThis essay examines t he role of the legal, ethical and professional actions as regards the expectations of the patient. With the evidence presented in this review, there is argument for many issues that touch on all three aspects. Lacking a universal patients bill of rights, the issues experienced by patients seeking assistance can vary widely check to region and financial ability. The data presented in the this essay indicates that while the ideal system advocates for a charming and equal patient experience, it is often those that have the financial support that have the best care.The evidence presented here provided support for the contention that ethical decisions will benefit the professional and legal standing of the patient provider. By ensuring a high standard of care, the provider is doing everything possible ethically and morally to address the concern. This effort diminishes the potential legal ramifications that centre on the mal practice and court process. The areas of ethics, professional ism and legality correspond to create a complex environment for a patient to navigate. This makes it necessary to ensure a high standard of professionalism within the ranks of the patient provider network. There must be a balance as there cannot be an effort to placate the patient that becomes adverse to the overall treatment. Much like any other industry there is a balance that must be maintained in the relationship between provider and patient in order for the best results to be experienced.The modern world has provided patients with new and diverse opportunities for care in nearly every nation around the world. With the areas of professionalism, legality and ethics playing a building role in the way services are provided, there must be a continual and considered approach to each policy in order to ensure the rights of everypatient. In the end it will be the combination of all three aspects that create the opportunity for progress.ReferencesBaylis, F. 2010. Health care ethics in C anada. Australia Thomson Nelson. Corey, G. 2014. Issues and ethics in the helping professions. S.l. Cengage Learning. Edwards, S. J., Braunholtz, D. A., Lilford, R. J. and Stevens, A. J. 1999. Ethical issues in the design and conduct of cluster randomised controlled trials. BMJ British Medical Journal, 318 (7195), p. 1407. Ellershaw, J. and Wilkinson, S. 2003. fretfulness of the dying. Oxford Oxford University Press. Frost, D. W., Cook, D. J., Heyl and Fowler, R. A. 2011. Patient and healthcare professional factors influencing end-of-life decision-making during critical illness A systematic review*.Critical care medicine, 39 (5), pp. 11741189. Hafferty, F. W. and Franks, R. 1994. The hidden curriculum, ethics teaching, and the structure of medical education. Academic Medicine, 69 (11), pp. 86171. Jonsen, A. R., Siegler, M. and Winslade, W. J. 2006. Clinical ethics. New York McGraw Hill, Medical Pub. Division. Kraus, R., Stricker, G. and Speyer, C. 2011. Online counseling. capital o f The Netherlands Elsevier/Academic Press. Nettina, S. M. 2013. Lippincott manual of nursing practice. Philadelphia Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Purtilo, R. B., Haddad, A. M. and Doherty, R. F. 2014. Health professional and patient interaction. St. Louis, Mo. Elsevier/Saunders. Richardson, A. and Storr, J. 2010. Patient safety a literative review on the impact of nursing empowerment, leadership and collaboration. International nursing review, 57 (1), pp. 1221. Solomon, M. Z., Odonnell, L., Jennings, B., Guilfoy, V., Wolf, S. M., Nolan, K., Jackson, R., Koch-Weser, D. and Donnelley, S. 1993. Decisions near the end of life professional views on life-sustaining treatments. American Journal of Public Health, 83 (1), pp. 1423. Stirrat, G., Johnston, C., Gillon, R. and Boyd, K. 2010. Medical ethics and law for doctors of tomorrow the 1998 Consensus Statement updated. Journal of Medical Ethics, 36 (1), pp. 5560. Str, Cipolle, R. J., Morley, P. C. and Frakes, M. J. 2 004. The impact of pharmaceutical care practice on the practitioner and the patient in the ambulatory practice setting twenty-five years of experience. Current pharmaceutical design, 10 (31), pp. 39874001. Urden, L. D., Lough, M. E., Stacy, K. M. and Thelan, L. A. 2006. Thelans critical care nursing. St. Louis Mosby. White, K. M. and Osullivan, A. 2012. The essential guide to nursing practice. Silver Spring, MD American Nurses Association.

Drama Evaluation Example

On 12th of December we went to Stifford Clays Primary and performed our rig to 180 year 4s and 5s. When we got at that place we had to straight away bring in our set and at that placefore had to quickly work let out our staging. We all(a) agreed to have the boards on a slant so that we could get changed and await our queues without the children seeing us as if they did it would ruin the illusion. We did this and got changed into our costumes in 20 minutes which I thought was really good and professional.As a assembly the performance went really well, we all knew our queues and our lines and worked really well together, the costume changes were done in time and nobody came out of role, there for a bit of empty staging but I think this was due to the fact that we were in a new performance space and were not use to it. People were not coming turned the reclaim side and therefore ended up having to cross the back of the stage, but it was not obvious as it was in character.As an ind ividual I think the performance was ok, the children booed as I came on as the t apieceer as they thought I was still the Wicked mesmerize, I think I did change each characters characterisation but the costume wasnt different enough and I think they thought I was the Wicked Witch in disguise. Also when I did come on as the Wicked Witch they did not stop booing me, according to the video they booed me for a full minute.I was not expecting such a commodious reaction and I just did what I thought my character would do and tell them to be kind of and shut up I also did hand gesture of them talking, it was really tough to deal with as every time I went to talk they just started booing again. I then decided to stand there and wait for them to calm down which they eventually did. Although it was annoying I think the booing was a good signalise as they believed in my character and really hated me as much as they were supposed to. As the teacher I think I did well in adopting a differen t role and I changed my voice and body language making everything precise.The audience interacted with everything and more and seemed to have a lot of fun. When Catherine and I did the chase scene the children loved the water gun being fired, as I ran through they grabbed my cape which I had to react to again in the way the Wicked Witch would I told them to Get off before I turned them into frogs from this I learnt that my teacher character needs more of a disguise, that I need to hold onto my cape while rails through the crowd and to react to the booing at first but then stand there and wait or them to quieten down. When I molten as the Wicked Witch I melted to the side of the stage and therefore had to stay there for a little while, which I didnt mind as I needed to catch my inkling anyway, I had to pick the right time to move off the stage and therefore picked the time when Sophie and Jess were running as I though the audiences attention would be on them, it turned out it was and I did pick the right time to slip off.When we were at the performance we had forgotten the limbo canvas tent and the camera and therefore had to improvise with the limbo poll and use another poll at the school, we also used Catherines phone to record the performance. I think as an individual and a group we met the assignment brief as we engaged, entertained and educated, We engaged the audience as they interacted with all points possible, they were entertained as they all were shouting and reacting and they were educated as when the fairy god mother asked questions they knew the answers. Over all I think the performance was really good and went really well.

Country Factbook Between Seden and Denmark on Organic Food Industry Essay

1. Executive abridgment The original aliment application is desirable for phone line investments in both Sweden and Denmark due to several factors. front of all, efficient local in lineediary firms and accredited broader macro-level institutions still avocation and provide fix advantages. Moreoer, studying the production line/ constancy purification bunghole be practised to gain insights in the cable environment of Sweden/Denmark in the field of perfect fertilizer intellectual nourishment.However, the complex natures of harvesting organic goods even off it impossible to indicate the best location for production, as this depends on the conk outicular product being produced. As a result, demand and supply across Sweden and Denmark ar met by means of a abundantspread retail vault of heaven, intra- persistence trade and export. Only by qualification an estimation of sectorial breakdown and its counterparts an (somewhat) informed investment decision can be do. Either way, it is patent that organic nourishment industry as a firm has gained popularity due to several reasons.One interpreter is that CSR profiles of firms see father an customary element in the product purchasing decision in youthful clocks. It can be verbalize that late(a) developments in technological- ( learning technology revolution) and political nature (subsidies) have contri exactlyed to this trend, documents vie an heavy role in particular. Since culture consists of documents and culture is to a greater extent than available to document depth psychology today it has been our choice in our entropy collection method. In turn, for information analysis we have made intent of coding, series of crimsonts and semiotics.It is these that have allowed us to judge macro economical performance of Sweden and Denmark as vigorous as its historic developments, socio-cultural conditions and the nature of competitiveness in the organic industry field. Despite the fact that Sweden and Denmark sh ar m both similarities in individualisticly one of these beas thither be some differences. However, these be considered to be subtle and broad(prenominal)ly context-dependent. on that indicatefore, we would besides non standardized to answer our question question, How and why do the organic industry conditions differ surrounded by Sweden and Denmark? in this naval division, but hope that you provide find an answer what is best for you in the pages of the re main(prenominal)der of this report. Ultimately, we will provide major findings of comparisons and recommendations, ground on our views and experience gained during our research. It magnate be possible to tweak this study in such a way in making it applicable for your particular transmission line scenario or telephone circuit plan. 2. Introduction This section is meant to assign the goal, relevance and purpose of our Factbook.Further more, it will give rise to our tend question, being How and why do the organic industry conditions differ between Sweden and Denmark? To boot, we hope to achieve estimation and recognition for our deliverables from whom ultimately might exercising and/or buy our Factbook. Like the CIA Factbook, our centering is on the industry. However, it is great to note that we have tried to achieve more than the already existing Factbooks, as they are frequently too comprehensive or lacking in measure out. We have tried to overcome the kickoff caper by linking opening to application and writing close it.In this, our main challenge has been to take into method of news reporting all aspects that somehow matter for the bottom line, the profitability of an investment project. Yet, since profitability is a relative term it might be better to speak of opportunity costs. This terminology is crucial to understand for correct business decision making to take place and as well forms the backbone for our final recommendations in our Factb ook. Moreover, Pugel (2009) has showed that legion(predicate) industries bring rising, rather than constant, marginal opportunity costs.For instance, efforts to expand Denmark/Sweden organic stubble production would fairly quickly unscramble into rising costs ca utilise by limits on (1) how much more land could be drawn into wheat production and how able this additional land would be for wheat production, (2) the availability of additional workers willing and suitable to work on the farms, and/or (3) the availability of seeds, fertilizers, and other material inputs. As for the second problem, we focus by and large on institutionalism and culture as they are lacking in other country Factbooks.Examples of institutions that can make haste business in Sweden and Denmark are efficient local intermediary firms and certain broader macro-level institutions, both being considered to be customaryly available location advantages (Verbeke 2010). Concerning culture, we are particularly in terested in business/industry culture. This is based on logic that our analysis is mainly on the industry level. Furthermore, Hollensen (2008) has showed that business/industry culture of business behavior and ethics is similar across b consecrates, i. e. expected to be the aforesaid(prenominal) for Sweden and Denmark.By learning to the highest degree the industry culture the decision maker will be aware of important rules of the game (Hollensen 2008). Concerning the purpose, this Factbook is meant to facilitate a document that will be considered important for decision makers, i. e. policy makers but especially business investors. From an investment perspective, several hierarchical modes ( home(prenominal)-based gross revenue representatives, mergers and acquisition, alliances, greenfield) are possible. However, retail merchant alliances and mergers and acquisition are most popular.To illustrate, in the eccentric person of Sweden retailer alliances manage 90% of the food reta il stores (http//www. snee. org/filer/papers/193. pdf). Furthermore, beca habituate the organic food market in Denmark and Sweden and Europe in general is rather fragmented, mergers provide benefits and interest to investors through economies of surpass (http//www. nytimes. com/2011/05/24/business/global/24organic. html). Lastly, market increment, political support and complimentary resources in both Denmark and Sweden take a shit and attract business investors.These and other issues will be elaborated in the remainder of this report. All in all, we will provide the examiner with information of which we gestate to be relevant for decision makers and can be used for deciding which compevery, or which industries of this company, to invest in. Hereby, we have tried to identify the major dimensions relevant to comparative country studies. These have been chosen carefully and matter for the organic food industry and a wide spectrum of business within this industry.In turn, these dim ensions can be used to compare the countries Sweden and Denmark. Ultimately, the contents of this Factbook are meant to expect closely connected to the country restore Sweden/Denmark and its organic food industry, yet still is general to the extent that it allows applying the information to a concrete business fictitious character. With the final product of our Factbook we hope to have provided the indorser with a clear understanding of the conditional differences between Sweden and Denmark and as such an answer to our research question.Concerning the companionable structure of the remainder of this paper, we will subsequently discuss methods and frameworks, introduction to organic food sector, methods and frameworks, country comparison, major findings of comparison and recommendations and the bibliography. 3. Methods and frameworks 3. 1 Method for Factbook compilation As method for our Factbook compilation we have opted to first focus on the country and then on the region. It can be described as a region-based compilation (RBC) technique.For example, if you go through at technology, technology is taking place in Eindhoven in The Netherlands and not in Delfzijl. If you are passing play to do something with energy then you end up in Delfzijl rather than in Eindhoven. However, making such a comparison for Sweden or Denmark in name of organic food proves difficult. To explain, people that argue that organic food is simply being harvested on the most fertile outlandish land are credibly to mix up terms. That is, fertility should be clearly set aside from productivity or even best land.Indeed, you can have a highly fertile area but deficient in its use do its limited crop sizes. Moreover, a certain area of agricultural land might be appropriate to harvest a particular organic product, but is slight appropriate or least suitable for other organic products. Lastly, in general organic material levels go up as you go north. But productivity does not necessa rily follow the same trend because the same shorter season and lower temperatures that helped build and maintain that organic material, limits growing seasons and crops growth.In ordering to prevent complexity we have decided to focus more on the retail sector of Sweden and Denmark than the production sector. The retail sector will include exports as over 70 percent of the exports of industrialized countries are shipped to other industrialized countries, and nearly half of total world trade is industrialized countries trading with each other (Pugel 2009). Sweden and Denmark are no exception, as they are known to have an established intra-industry trade relationship. Besides physical locations we similarly like to discuss official statistics as another compilation issue.The main issue is that official statistics oft rely on incomplete information and therefore involve estimation. In our report we have made use of two types of estimation, sectorial breakdown and its counterparts. We have chosen to select these two types in order to facilitate the decision maker with a reflection opportunity of a wide variety of activities he/she might be interested in. Furthermore, in an attempt to standardize statistics we will use manikins of the Central Statistics spot (or a comparable source) as much as possible for both Denmark and Sweden.We believe it is advisable to use comparable or equal sources between the two countries as it strengthens the reliability of our research. Based on former experience and narratives we believe the Central Statistics Office (also known as Central Statistics Bureau) is one of the most easy accessible and rock-steady sources to be found on the Internet. Furthermore, in order to prevent possible equivocalness we will use equal terminology for both countries as much as possible, including definitions of sectors and instrument categories.Moreover, we would like to briefly discuss the overall structure of the Factbook. First of all, the ex ecutive summary is meant to provide background information on the topic of organic food as an industry and can act as a quick-review guide of what the examiner is likely to expect in the report. In this, the executive summary contains several main ideas reflected in the report itself. Furthermore, the introduction discusses more distinct the Factbook and the underlying principles.Then, data collection and data analysis show arguments for the choices we have made in conducting our observational research. As to the chapters that follow, these are simply a standard and a more in-depth analysis of what has been announced in the previous chapters and act as to share our findings in terms of describing legal, political, environmental, institutional and cultural dimensions. Lastly, we finalise our report by concluding with major findings of comparisons and recommendations. 3. 2 pinnacle theories and flakesThere are different theories to be utilized for compiling this Factbook. One of t he main drivers for organic country is environmental reason, which are often associated with care for the environment. Moreover, it can be argued that the choice for buying organic is also driven by social cultural reasoning, having this care for the environment being embedded as part of the culture. Indeed, this is mainly the case in the Western market where awareness towards environmental issues has risen in recent times.It is terms like corporate responsibility and sustainability that have survive a part of the decision making process of Western consumers as to what to buy and to whom to buy it from. In this, environmental and socio-cultural pass judgments have become an important facet in the decision making process of the consumer in general, the organic food industry being no exemption. In an attempt to verify and examine these trends we will make use of theory of Schwartz (1999) combined with the theory of planned behaviour to determine if organic food consumption offers p otential for business investment to take place.As we shall see later on, Schwartz his cultural values can be used to assess the main characteristics of the average Swedish and danish inhabitant and how these assist in making inferences intimately core values, behaviour and its relation to the organic food industry. In order to find more peculiar(prenominal) similarities and differences we have made use of the framework as proposed by S. Ruiz de Maya et al. (2011), who offer us a supposed burn down to the organic food industry from the consumer side.It is this that provides us with socio-cultural factors and helping the investor to decide whether Sweden or Denmark is more suitable to invest in, depending on a particular context. In addition, the PESTLE analysis will also be utilized in this report. It is important to note that we will not be focusing on the whole framework but on the political, social and legal factors provided. By examining the political factors we can determin e how these deflect the organic food industry. For instance, some administrations can be beneficial for the organic food industry.For instance, by stimulate farmers to dedicate more land for organic farming and usage of organic food in brass institutions. However, in another term a different administration might not be so spareable to organic farming and food, which could lead to a different situation. For example, abolishing organic farming grants. As mentioned before, the social side of organic food consumption is important. Health and environmental issues have become more important for the general public.Furthermore, the investor should keep in mind that views furbish uping organic food can change. These factors can have an capture on the demand. Last aspect is the legal aspects. For example, determine the definition of organic food and who or how they cover this standard. This factor is related to the political part of the PESTLE analysis. Legislation concerning organic f ood is important for the Factbook. There can be differences between Denmark and Sweden concerning organic food industry. 3. 3 Method for data collection and analysis.This section will discuss our chosen method for data collection and analysis. We will start by addressing the data collection technique, after which the data collection analysis approach will follow. First of all, it can be said that our study involves both soft research (a focus on text) and quantitative research (a focus on numbers). However, since institutionalism and culture are clearly more qualitative we have opted to focus on qualitative data collection techniques. In the end, we have made use of solely documents as a qualitative data collection technique.Although we would have liked to include interviews and fieldwork in our research, we experienced that it is difficult, if not impossible, for us to conceptualize out these activities successfully. First, we could not find any suitable individuals or focus grou ps being know leadgeable to the highest degree our subject. Second, we do not believe ourselves to be proficient enough in fieldwork as to ensure reliable and valid results. Moreover, the duration of the necessary fieldwork was also expected not to fit within the given timeframe set to create the Factbook.In either case, there are some advantages of using documents as opposed to interviews and fieldwork. For example, documents are relatively cheap and quick to access (Payne & Payne, 2004). It is usually much easier to obtain data from documents than from interviews or fieldwork. Also, if there are umteen documents on a subject, which we believe to hold true for our case, triangulation is possible to study developments over time. In terms of sources of data, our research is limited to secondary data besides. Indeed, we did not make use of any unpublished data being gathered directly from people or organizations.Instead, we have made use of published books, webpages, newspaper arti cles and journal articles. Somewhat surprisingly, we found that these sources were able to provide us with sufficient empirical data for our research, especially with regard to culture related aspects. Concerning the latter, we would also like to refer to Altheide (1996), who said that documents are studied to understand culture. He has pointed out that a large part of culture consists of documents. Furthermore, he has showed that culture is more available to document analysis today because of the information technology revolution.(Altheide, 1996). Finally, in order to assess the quality of the documents used, we have made use of four criteria as proposed by Scott (1990) (1) authenticity, (2) credibility, (3) representativeness & (4) meaning. Concerning the method for data analysis, we have chosen to make use of several approaches for analyzing qualitative data. Probably the one being used the most is coding. We have chosen this approach primarily because it is one of the easiest w ays to analyse qualitative data. In addition, it offers many advantages.For instance, it allows reducing the size of the data and is useful for retrieving, organizing, and speeding up the analysis (Miles & Humberman, 1994). Although this method has been used passim the entire report, it has been particular helpful in our literature review on the organic food industry, as making use of buzzwords has helped in defining the scope of our research. Moreover, it was found helpful for the executive summary and the introduction, as these are more restricted in terms of length. Here coding has acted as an instrument to make distinctions between either too detailed or too general more easily.Another data analysis approach we have made use of is series of events. We have made use of this approach as we considered it to be helpful to compare relevant historical developments for our industry. Listing a series of events by chronological time periods and subsequently designation events to catego ries has helped to identify similarities and differences over time. As such, it allows us to pinpoint more precisely when historical developments have been most evident and how it has changed the view of the industry. Due to its in truth nature this approach was utilized in the historical developments section of our report.Lastly, we have made use of semiotics, which is concerned with the meaning of signs and symbols. For business and management research, semiotics is most useful in marketing, management, consumer research and information systems. This is because in these segments, signs are very important. For example, form of brand names and logos are considered to be highly important. In our view semiotics also play an influential role in the organic food industry. Currently, there is some cut into about the future growth of the organic food industry it either being with brands or retailer private labels.It has been argued that large food retailers are taking advantage of the or ganic brand without making any of the associated investment. While the industry has been built by certification agencies and pioneering brands, their presence in terms of logos and brands is lessen in supermarkets and mainstream retailers (http//www. organicmonitor. com/r0811. htm). As such, investment scenarios in the organic food industry are less clear-cut than in the past and require careful examination of conventions governing the use of signs and sign systems.In our report, semiotics has been found crucial to explain the socio-cultural and market/industry conditions more fully. 4. Introduction sector/industry In order to provide the examiner with an introduction of the organic food industry, general trends, definitions and boundaries will be discussed. To boot, the European organic food market has a total tax income of $24. 7 billion in 2010, representing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8. 9% between 2006 and 2010 based on research of DATAMONITOR (2010). The European organic food market grew by 6% in 2010 to reach a value of 24.7 billion and it is predicted that in 2015 the European organic food market will be expense $36. 8 billion, an increase of 48. 8% since 2010. According to UNCTAD, organic agriculture is defined as a holistic production management whose primarily goal is to optimize the health and productivity of interdependent communities of soil, life, plants, animals and people. Moreover, According to subgenus Chen (2009) organic products are goods that respect the environment and that are manufactured without the use of synthetic pesticides, herbicides, chemical fertilizers, growth hormones, antibiotics or gene manipulation.By viewing the production side, organic producers should combines best environmental practices, a high level of biodiversity, the preservation of natural resources and application of high-animal welfare standards, providing high quality products to respond to a certain consumers demand. Nowadays, the concern of W estern society on how products may be profoundly harmful to the environment has led to a higher demand for organic products, sustainable business activities and stricter regulations from national governments (Gurau and Ranchod, 2005).Due to this increasing concern and higher demand in European countries, it can be argued that the organic food industry is neat a more interesting and challenging sector for investors to invest in. Furthermore, organic food industry generates revenue as the second largest market within Europe and is continuously growing. However, some boundaries as to this sector do exist. Three main boundaries we found to be of importance are price premiums, quality and availability and time factor. Of these three, price premium is expected to be the most important.This is due to the fact that organic food more often than not requires another form of processing and is more difficult to conserve. Moreover, the costs of quality mark are also expected to be higher as no pesticides are used as to protect large crops. As such, it is rational that the price is more expensive than constituted food products. In publication, consumers with lack of knowledge will reconsider buying organic products because of this simple fact. Considering quality of the organic products, consumers believe that by charging a higher price this is equivalent to a higher quality.This view is based on the rationale of human beings, sometimes depicted in phrases such as pay more, pretend more. Whilst this rule not always holds true, our (inner) convictions and background study has verified that this is in fact the case in the organic food industry. An example of the organic food retail sector is that high priced restaurants tend to favour organic (natural) ingredients. Based on the above, the organic products will meet consumers expectation by providing the products above the conventional products standards, with a price tag to match its difference in quality.The last reser ve we would like to discuss is availability and time factor. The availability of organic products do not vary as much as that of conventional products. As organic products are often less well exposed, they are more difficult to find in stores. This is an important consideration and largely influences issues such as sales expectations, storage costs and risk of decay. Furthermore, in the following part we will discuss and analyse how the conditions of organic food provide the investor with a broader view of the organic food industry.In this, we will consider four conditions as factors being relevant for organic food political-, cultural-, legal- and labor systems. 5. Country comparison 5. 1 Macro-economic indicators A country comparison on macro-economic indicators can be considered to be beneficial for decision makers as it gives them food for thought on the expected macroeconomic performance of that country, i. e. the behavior of a countrys output, jobs, and prices in the organic f ood industry in the face of changing world conditions. This judgment call about performance is basically what drives most macro-economic analysis.It can be used to assess issues such as how well a countrys economy is performing and how close it is to achieving broad desirable objectives, such as stability in average product prices (no inflation) and low unemployment (Pugel 2009). The most relevant macro-economic indicators for the organic food industry are considered to be economic indicators and pecuniary indicators. Demographic indicators do not seem important to us as research has shown that gender or age does not have any significant effect on whether people decide to buy organic food or not (http//newhope360. com/organic-consumers-share-values-not-demographics).In order to ensure reliability we have chosen to attain all figures of these indicators from one source, namely De Grote Bosatlas (2002). shape. 1 STATISTIEK EUROPA (part 1) Fig 2. STASTIEK EUROPA (PART 2) From figure 1 we can infer that Denmark had a higher agricultural contribution in terms of contribution towards the gross domestic product. Moreover, Denmark has a substantial higher percentage of agricultural grounds (62. 4% versus 7. 9%) Furthermore, Denmark has a higher contribution to gross domestic product per capita. Besides, inhabitants from Denmark are slightly wealthier than those in Sweden, when looking at GDP.Lastly, Denmarks development of the GDP in 1990-1999 has risen more than was the case for Sweden. Then, from figure 2, we can infer that Denmark has a stronger economy than Sweden, but only by a small margin. Furthermore, inflation rate for Denmark is lower, yet also again only by a small margin. Moreover, Denmark has more government spending in terms of percentage of GDP. Concerning education, Denmark spends more in terms of percentage of GDP. Besides, Denmark inhabitants generally enjoy a higher purchasing power than is the case for Swedish inhabitants.It also shows that more Danish people are working in both the agricultural and industrial sector than Sweden, these tend to work more in the service sector. Lastly, Denmark has a lower percentage of the work force being unemployed. From this preliminary analysis we can infer that in terms of economic indicators investments in Denmark are likely to require a higher yield on an investment than were the case of Sweden. This assumption is made based on the simple fact that as for many elements Denmark performs better than Sweden on compared elements. The same holds true in terms of financial indicators.Although the data may be easily said to be outdated, we believe this is not quite the case. That is, our analysis on historical development has not provide any conclusive evidence as to not believe that the relationship of these economical and financial figures to be that much different as they are today. Yet, since we do not know when the actual investment is to take place it is always advisable to check the r esults of a more recent research. Although we would have love to use a more recent version of De Grote Bosatlas ourselves, we could not find ourselves in the position to get access to one during the course of this research.Luckily, we were able to find a recent figure for gross domestic expenditure on R&D as a percentage of GDP that verified our assumption. pic From the figure above it can be concluded that Denmark spends between 1. 01% and 2. 00% of its GDP on R&D activities. Sweden on the other hand spends a little more with 2. 01% and above. This corresponds with our financial records of the Grote Bosatlas, where government spending in Sweden was higher than that of Denmark in general.Furthermore, since the R&D expenditures on R&D as a percentage of GDP are larger than that of most other parts of the world, we expect no real problems for investors in this area. compass information as to why Sweden and Denmark support expenditures on the organic food industry is discussed extensi vely in both the chapters about socio-cultural conditions and market/industry conditions. 5. 2 Historical developments relevant for the industry. The issues with the environment have many different facets. These range from deforestation, loss of biodiversity, pollution and many others (EBS 295, 2008).The attitude concerning these issues by the general public can change over time. Values change over time and this applies for the public perception of organic food as well. Likewise, one could say that the organic food industry is driven in a esthesis of improving and protecting the environment. In addition, consumers also attitude towards the environment also contribute in how they value organic food. Furthermore, not only concern for the environment but also growing awareness by the general public concerning their food and the production involved.These issues related to food production range from health, food caoutchouc and animal welfare. (Sippo manual, 2011) The origins for organi c farming in both countries are similar. In the same manner consumers started become more aware of the environment. Farmers also become more aware and began with organic farming. Both countries have had organic farming since early eighties in the general concept of the term organic farming. If we take into account the establishment of organizations concerning organic food then Denmark was a few years earlier with the founding of Danish Association of Organic Farmers in 1981.The Swedish counter part is called the Ecological Farmers Association, which was founded in 1985. Both organizations are private initiatives of organic farmers organizing themselves. (http//www. fao. org) Since the 1990s the governments of both Denmark and Sweden have introduced various regulations concerning the organic food industry. These regulations include assigning certificates that label products as organic. In addition, the European Union also implemented regulations concerning the organic food industry.L ikewise, the organizations that control and label organic foods also found their origins in late eighties early nineties. In Denmark the first organic food legislation was implemented in 1987. The government assigns the O logo to organic food. (www. fvm. dk). This state approved logo is only given to products that are conforming to the standards of organic as stated by Danish regulations. In addition, in Denmark only state approved farms may carry the organic label. In Sweden the organization that is tasked with the certification of organic food is called KRAV.Founded in 1985, this organization was formed from the Ecological Farmers Organization in order to standardize the various interpretations of the term organic farming and bring both farmers and food producers together. (Gunnar Rundgren, 2002) However, it should be noted that the KRAV organization is a non-governmental organization. While, its Danish counterpart is part of the Ministry of Agriculture. 5. 3 Socio-cultural condit ions Cultural systems From the point of view of the investor, it is important to know the differences and similarities between the two countries Denmark and Sweden.In this section, we will focus on this in terms of cultural assessment. In order to describe the cultural systems of both Denmark and Sweden we have made use of five cultural dimensions as proposed by Schwartz (1999) harmony, egalitarianism, effective autonomy, mastery, and conservatism. It is these cultural dimensions that will help to describe each countries culture and detect any important similarities and differences. The cultural values focus in the article of Schwartz is on the national culture. The national culture being introduced for heterogeneous nations refers primarily to the value culture of the dominant, majority group.In this case, Schwartz tries to interpret the value priorities that characterize a society by aggregating the value priorities of individuals (e. g. Hofstedes framework). It is depicted that i ndividual value priorities are a product of both shared culture and unique personal experience. Moreover, Schwartz has located his list of researched countries into different segments (clusters). Denmark and Sweden put in the first group (cluster), Finland and Italy in another, Spain as a third group and Germany, Greece and the United Kingdom in a fourth group.